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How the U.S. Stalled in its Breastfeeding Progress
Recently, The Journal of Pediatrics published a new study about newborn feeding practices in the U.S. that doesn’t paint the most breastfeeding-friendly picture.
Some of the data piqued my interest — for example, researchers used data from 6788 children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found that only 55 percent were exclusively breastfed in the first week of life. I know from covering the CDC’s breastfeeding report card last year that three out of four moms in the U.S. start to breastfeed (whether exclusively or with supplementing) and by six months, only 13 percent are exclusively breastfeeding.
The study also found, not surprisingly, that supplementing with formula shortened the duration of breastfeeding on average, and also affected a baby’s BMI later in life:
At two years old, the babies who were fed only formula or supplemented with formula had an increased risk of being overweight/obese at age two, compared to those who were exclusively breastfed for at least four months.
Most hospitals reported that they routinely supplement newborns with formula (the researchers noted that, particularly in the Latino community, this is thought to be the healthiest best-of-both-worlds approach) and that most hospitals gave formula and bottles as take-homes from the hospital. I thought that practice was going out of style?
If I can, I’d like to sidestep the argument about whether breastfeeding is important, because as I said last year in my analysis of the Breastfeeding report card, the answer is different depending on how you ask the question. For an individual baby, is formula just as likely to produce a happy, healthy, Harvard-bound baby? Yes. But across the population, does breastfeeding lower rates of obesity, boost immune systems and more? Yes. Supporting breastfeeding is a public health issue, not something to make individual moms feel anxious or guilty about.
Nursing a baby is hard enough as it is — 75 percent of moms start out but only 13 percent are still going at six months. Moms need more support and fewer roadblocks like default formula hospital practices and unfriendly work policies to help close that gap.
Image: flickr
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11 Comments
[...] Courtesy Heather Turgeon of Stroller Derby at babble June 3rd, 2011 | Tags: breastfeeding, data, exclusively, life, percent, study, supplementing | [...]
How the U.S. Stalled in its Breastfeeding Progress commented on Jun 03 11 at 8:40 amKaty E commented on May 29 11 at 10:50 amThere is no doubt that formula companies use any number of tricks including ” breastfeeding kits” that include a couple of ice packs and a big sample of ” just in case” formula. I was given two separate bags during my most recent stay. I wonder, though, if the low rate of exclusive breastfeeding looks at the whole picture? For example, My son was born 3 weeks ago, had some trouble stabilizing and his glucose was 38. He was given less than an oz of formula but has had nothing but breastmilk since. I still consider him exclusively breastfed although technically he’s likely to be a formula statistic.
Sajmom commented on May 29 11 at 12:59 pmMy last baby was also given a single bottle of formula to raise her glucose level after birth (I wonder how necessary this was, considering her levels were fine at every test after that. Wouldn’t it have done this after a few feedings anyway?) What I’m curious about though, is that statistics show that only a little over half of all babies are breastfed for the first week and by six months, only 13 percent are exclusively breastfeeding. So why is it that online EVERYONE breastfeeds, and formula feeders are the ones who are routinely harassed, so much so that there is currently a breastfeeding backlash? People talk about getting harassed for using a bottle in public? I’ve never seen that! In (my) real life, it’s exactly the opposite, with people acting as though breastfeeding was disgusting and abnormal. To be fair, I am in a much lower economic group than most people in the online communities I frequent, so that certainly affects my experiences/view. I don’t mean this to bash people who use formula either-just wondering why there is such a huge difference in online norms and the real world.
Kimberly commented on May 29 11 at 6:36 pmSajmom–just wanted to respond to your comment. I have two kids. I exclusively bottle-fed one (long story, but there were complications that didn’t allow me to breastfeed) and exclusively breastfed the other one. I honestly have to say that I dealt with MUCH more harrassment/judgement/snarkiness with my formula-fed baby. I couldn’t believe how nosy and rude other women were about the fact that I wasn’t breastfeeding. (The ONLY person who ever expressed concern about my breastfeeding, on the other hand, was my grandma!) So, I can definitely understand the breastfeeding backlash. The la leche crowd can be so vehement and intrusive that it can almost turn you off the whole idea of trying to breastfeed, even when you understand the benefits.
P.S. I haven’t noticed a great difference in the health or intelligence of either child, so even though I will probably breastfeed my next kid, I’m skeptical that it makes that much of a difference.
Sara commented on May 30 11 at 8:13 pmYou’re right that hospital practices are a big problem– too many nurses and doctors with little or no training in breastfeeding offer moms bad advice, and get them off to a bad start. But you leave out the difficulties women have with combining work and breastfeeding, which I think is an even bigger factor in many cases. Especially for lower income moms who can’t afford to stay home and don’t have the kind of jobs that offer a nice office to pump in with a locked door.
Beth commented on Jun 28 11 at 4:17 pmI think it’s important to point out that studies show a CORRELATION between obesity and formula feeding, not a causation. There is a link between breastfeeding and a lower BMI later in life, but it could very well be because mothers who breastfeed their babies tend to be more health conscious and make other healthy choices for their children as well. These mothers also tend to have higher incomes, and obesity rates are highest among the lower income populations. Same goes for IQ–breastfeeding has never been proven to be a CAUSE of higher IQ. This can also be attributed to the factors above.
Valerie commented on Jul 18 11 at 5:48 pmIm not any less of a Mom because I only breastfed for 6 weeks. And once they start Kindergarten, you wont be able to look at the class full of kids and point out bottle fed kids vs. breastfed kids. In the end, a healthy kid is all that matters.
Dayna commented on Aug 28 11 at 5:55 pmI was lucky that the hospital my son was born in was extremely breastfeeding friendly. Every nurse and N.A. were extremely supportive. Unfortunately, my baby had jaundice and had to have formula during his bilirubin treatment. Outside of that, he has been 100% breastfed.
JenB commented on Sep 04 11 at 10:14 amI work in NICU that is VERY pro-breastfeeding and I love it! If a mom wants to breastfeed (which we counsel them on the importance of, esp for preemies) then her baby gets fed through a feeding tube until he is ready to breastfeed, then is exclusively breastfed- NO BOTTLES. Its amazine. Its true that if your baby goes from tube –> bottle then you are much much less likely to switch to breast when you get home with your now-3-month-old 6 lb baby. Also if a regular term baby needs glucose stabilization we will place an IV if the sugar is truly low and then work on breastfeeding with no rush. If he nurses well, we start weaning the IV. Most hospitals would panic with such a loose policy. They want formula because its easy to measure and quantify. I love that my hospital (in NH) does this. Our breastfeeding rates are wonderful.
Kelly commented on Nov 16 11 at 10:12 amI think, especially when you’re a FTM and don’t know what the heck you’re doing (like me) it can be hard to buck the trend (if breastfeeding isn’t supported around you, if you don’t know anyone who breastfed, if the hospital doesn’t have lactation consultants and a pro-bfing attitude, etc.) because there is soooo much else going on. I consider myself fortunate, and I’m proud of myself though I won’t pass judgment on anyone else’s choices, that I’m still nursing my son and he’s 13 months old. It has been a long bumpy road but looking back I’m thankful for the way things have gone. I only know of 2 people (in real life, not the internet) who breastfed for longer than 6 months. 1 of them is, well, an ex-friend, and the other is my sister-in-law whose daughter is now 10. Like anything in this country, we are always looking to place blame, and it oftens falls on the mother. “She didn’t breastfeed for long enough!” “She breastfed too long!” “They co-slept!” “They let him CIO!” ETC. That’s the blame game, and it sucks.
Jessica commented on Mar 16 12 at 8:33 pmMy son is 11 months old and we are still breastfeeding. He hasn’t had a drop of formula. The first 4 months were horrible complete with latching problems requiring use of a shield for 2 months, extremely sore nipples, thrush, and concerns about my son’s somewhat slow weight gain (he was in the 5th to 10th percentile for weight his first 4 months of life). I almost quit numerous times, but being an uptight first-time mom who wanted to do everything “right” and being fed the hype that breast is best, I persevered, despite an enormous amount of stress. It got a lot easier after the fourth month. Also, by then, I had started him on cereal (even though my original plan was to hold off until 6 months, again because of what I had read on the internet). I am proud of the fact that we made it this long, and that I still have those 3 unopened cans of formula that were sent home with us from the hospital. That said, with the next one, I am not going to be as uptight. If I have problems again, I will try to work through them, but I will supplement if need be and will ENJOY my baby. If there was as much emphasis placed on raising our children to be thoughtful, obedient, and moral individuals as there is on feeding methods, I think the world would be a much better place.
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