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Docs Suggest Prolonged Exclusive Breastfeeding Could Cause Obesity

Exclusively breastfeeding too little or too long can cause obesity.
The New York magazine blog Grub Street brought up an interesting juxtaposition the other day, suggesting that American mothers don’t breastfeed long enough, while mothers in the UK breastfeed too long. That’s because most American mothers don’t breastfeed exclusively for the first four months of life as the American Association of Pediatrics recommends, but British mothers are taught to abide by the rules of the World Health Organization that suggest they should offer their infants breastmilk exclusively for the first six months of life.
Dr. Mary Fewtrell, a pediatrician in London, believes “there is a higher risk of a baby developing iron-deficiency anemia and food allergies like celiac disease if kids don’t get certain solid foods before they’re 6 months old.” So the Brits are hoping to move to a model that encourages mothers to start feeding their infants some solids in addition to breastmilk at around 4 months of age.
Interestingly enough, Fewtrell and her colleagues also believe that “prolonged exclusive breast feeding may reduce the window for introducing new tastes, particularly bitter taste which may be important in the later acceptance of green leafy vegetables.” They feel this could “encourage unhealthy eating in later life and lead to obesity.”
What is even more remarkable is that supplementing breastmilk with juice or solids too early is thought to have the same obesity-causing effect. A new study in Pediatrics shows that 20 percent of babies in low-income families in North Carolina “were fed solid foods or juice by age 1 month; and by 3 months old, 70 percent were getting fed something (often fruit juice or added cereal) in addition to milk or formula.” Rodale.com reports that “Infants fed these foods consume 100 more calories a day than infants given only formula or only breast milk, which can lead to babies who are overweight for their height.”
The golden rule then when it comes to feeding an infant seems to be to breastfeed exclusively for the first four months of life, then begin to offer them vegetable puree to ensure they develop a healthy taste palette.
Sources: Grub Street, ScienceDaily, Rodale
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12 Comments
Tr8ce commented on Jan 18 11 at 3:21 pmThe British Medical Journal has stated since the piece about introducing solids earlier was picked up by the media that it was actually misinterpreted by the media snd was an opinion piece. So it should not be acted upon.
Linda, the original one commented on Jan 18 11 at 3:41 pmI was initially willing to be open minded about this study, but the more I read, the sketchier it seems. Even if (and, IMO, it’s still a really big IF) there are benefits to introducing solids (in the area of avoiding food allergies), there are numerous long term studies that have proven that breastfeeding lowers a person’s risk of obesity for their lifetime. The more outrageous the claims of this docto, become, the more I’m starting to believe that in 6 months after some peer review, we’ll be getting news that it’s all some sort of a scam. Also, from an evolutionary standpoint, it seems pretty obvious why babies are programmed to avoid bitter tastes. In nature, many bitter tasting things are poisonous, so it wouldn’t have made sense for early toddler to be drawn to them.
Leanne commented on Jan 18 11 at 4:06 pmI’d trust the Cochrane meta studies (which say that breastfeeding exclusively for 6 mths/until actual readiness/child-led solids) over a number of scientists taking money from formula companies any day.
Micky commented on Jan 18 11 at 4:18 pmI will withhold judgment until they are done revisiting the evidence and can cite to research showing that exclusive BF to 6 mos actually DOES increase the incidence of celiac disease, food allergies, and childhood obesity. Till then, I will continue to trust the WHO and its “systematic review” of the existing research. When researchers qualify with “mays” and “coulds” it often means that these are working hypotheses and/or areas of potential inquiry, whereas the WHO’s current recommendations are based on analysis of documented trends.
Kerri commented on Jan 19 11 at 5:04 pmThe AAP actually recommends exclusive breastfeeding to at least 6 months, not 4 as you state above. We just follow those recommendations less here than they do in the UK apparently. And despite the shady article in the BMJ written by 4 people, 3 of whom are paid by the baby-feeding industry (conflict of interest????) the recommendations have not changed and UNICEF and the WHO have come out saying that 6 months is still the standard for infant health.
Six months, or longer, is not too long for exclusive breastfeeding. It depends on the individual child and his/her readiness for solids as evidenced by actual signs — not the calendar — such as loss of tongue thrust reflex, ability to sit up well unsupported, development of pincer grasp (the ability to pick up small bits of food or other items with thumb and forefinger), being ready and willing to chew, and showing interest in participating in meals such as picking up food and putting in his/her mouth. As for developing a taste for green veggies: babies are introduced to the flavors in their mother’s diet starting in utero through the amniotic fluid and then, if breastfed, continuously from birth through the breast milk. The most important factors in babies eating vegetables is whether their mothers eat their vegetables, and whether vegetables are offered on a consistent basis once solids are introduced. As Linda mentioned, it is true that babies are born to be wary of bitter as many poisons are bitter; they learn to like and trust bitter tastes such as broccoli and greens by being repeatedly exposed to them.
Also, iron-deficiency is rare in exclusively breastfed babies. Here is a link to an article that explains why: http://kellymom.com/nutrition/vitamins/iron.html. In fact, one of the studies cited showed that babies exclusively breastfed for 7 months were protected from anemia for the first year of life.There is a lot of bad information circulating in the media due to that article and it is doing a huge disservice to mothers and babies all over the world. Let’s get the truth out there.
Stat Girl commented on Jan 19 11 at 7:16 pmThe recommendation of the study was to revisit advice as new evidence emerges. That’s really not a bad recommendation in my book. The idea of a conflict of interest needs to be scrutinized since it is neither necessary nor sufficient to deny any claim as being false. It’s called attacking the motive and it’s a logical fallacy. The media’s reporting of this study was the real issue.
Regarding the low income North Carolinian baby study – juice is not the same as feeding solids. Low income communities have other risk factors for obesity (including genetics and lower educational attainment). Please make sure that comparisons being made are valid. Also, a single community of children can’t be generalized to be true for all children. A local study with a narrow population is just that kind of study. I suspect the goal was to identify risk factors in a population that has proportionately higher obesity rates of incidence and develop recommendations that pertain to THAT group. then again, i will read it tonight and correct myself if this is not the case.
http://statgirlskewer.blogspot.com/2011/01/breastfeeding-paranoia-feed-my-child.html
free2speak commented on Jan 20 11 at 4:13 pmMy mother breastfed me and am not obese.
Susie commented on Jan 21 11 at 9:43 amOy. Here come the lacto-nutsos. Run!
On another note, Teen Mom on MTV shows these poor sad infants getting juice from their clueless moms and I wanna rip it out of their claws.
SZ commented on Jan 21 11 at 12:57 pmThis is really stupid… Babble you’ve done it again!! Bad information pushed on moms. Here’s some info that doesn’t suck (Yes, I said suck): “The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and then supplemented breastfeeding for at least one year and up to two years or more” !!!
Ali commented on Jan 25 11 at 10:35 pmThe assertion that failing to introduce solids to infants at the right time will impair their acceptance of vegetables and lead to poor diets and obeisty is ridiculous. The flavors of the mother’s diet are passed from the mother to the infant through the amniotic fluid and breast milk. Thus, flavor learning occurs before the baby is even born, and is further augmented through breastfeeding. Research suggests breastfed infants will be more accepting of new vegetables, and, to my knowledge, there is no research showing that vegetables must be introduced between 4-6 months to be accepted into the diet. What is more important than the timing of introduction is the method of introduction – if any new food, vegetables included, is presented consistently (every day) and in a positive environment, infants will learn to accept it, even if they initially reject it.
Wolfmother commented on Apr 01 11 at 11:26 pmMy son has never had problems with new foods and I exclusively breastfed for 7 MONTHS because tastes pass through breastmilk. If anything it is formula fed babies who are at risk for allergies and food aversions since all they are used to is that garbage that passes as milk. I think that more research should be done on exclusively breastfed babies to see if there is a correlation between food aversions and lack of variety in their mother’s diets.
Helen commented on May 30 11 at 3:08 amIt’s a shame when writers don’t take the time to read the “studies” or background facts they write about, because with sensational headlines like this they can do a lot of harm. This Fewtrell BMJ article was NOT a study or new research, it was an opinion piece. A quick trawl through the responses to the article would show its many weaknesses. And although the recommendations by WHO, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the UK Department of Health ALL recommend exclusive breastfeeding for six months, with continued breastfeeding alongside appropriate complementary foods after that, exclusive breastfeeding rates at 6 months are even lower in the UK than they are in the US. Less than 2% of UK babies are exclusively breastfed at six months while about 13% of US babies are. Parents just want to do the best for their babies. Careless scientists, journalists and headline-writers can make it unnecessarily confusing, with ever more damaging effects on the health of our babies and our population as a whole.
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