babble » blogs » Strollerderby
Strollerderby
Don’t Believe the Hype: The Cry It Out Sleep Method Doesn’t Harm Babies
Sleep training: almost every parent has an opinion about it. Those who have done it successfully, and are sleeping peacefully through the night, can be downright evangelical about it. Others believe that it’s cruel and unnatural to let a baby cry himself to sleep and even suggest it causes babies permanent “damage.”
It’s a disturbing claim, one for which there is no evidence. Still, in her new book, First Year Essentials: What Babies Need Parents to Know, British parenting expert Penelope Leach says she has proof that “crying it out” mentally damages babies. How? According to Leach leaving babies to cry causes levels of stress hormones like cortisol to rise to the point where they are toxic to the developing brain. A crying bout of half an hour or more, the typical period of time a child cries in the course of “sleep training”, could, according to Leach, cause brain damage. “It is not an opinion but a fact that it’s potentially damaging to leave babies to cry,” Leach told the British Newspaper, The Indpendent. “Now that we know that, why risk it?”
But where is the research that establishes this “fact”? So far Leach hasn’t revealed her sources, though a slew of recent child development research finds no evidence to support her argument.
For example, a new report1 from the Harvard Center on the Developing Child paints a somewhat different picture. The working paper, which surveys the latest research in neuroscience, and developmental psychology, explains that “experiences like abuse and exposure to violence can cause fear and chronic anxiety in children and that these states trigger extreme, prolonged activation of the body’s stress response system.”
Animals subjected to chronic stress over prolonged periods, especially during sensitive phases of brain development, can have long term physical and psychological problems as a result. Elevated levels of cortisol can negatively effect the parts of the brain, particularly the prefrontal lobe, which is associated with executive functions like, decision making and impulse control. The authors of the Harvard report speculate that “persistent fear and chronic anxiety” could have a similar effect on children.
So, according to this study, there are events – such as child abuse and exposure to violence – that can have severely negative effects on brain development. But nowhere does this report cite crying it out as one of these events, and commonsense would say that it is not the same thing.
At least one study of the long term effects of sleep training agrees. Researchers at the Murdock Children’s Research Center in Australia are conducting a longitudinal study of infant sleep. A study released last month reported on the progress of 225 children whose parents used “controlled crying techniques” to get their children to sleep. At age 6 there were “no adverse affects on the emotional and behavioral development of children or their relationship with parents” as compared with kids who did not “cry it out”. Another analysis found that sleep intervention in infancy greatly reduced children’s sleep problems later on and led to less depression among mothers.
It has been Leach’s long standing belief that crying it out hurts babies. She claims that the “science” is behind her, but can’t be bothered to share it. Her prejudice, which is she shares with many other parenting gurus, most notably William Sears, is that parents can’t be trusted to do what’s best for their children. They’ll admit we love our kids, but believe we’d throw our babies’ prefrontal lobes under a train to get a decent night’s sleep. That’s why we need experts like Leach to speak for the babies.
It is possible that Leach may come up with a study out there I just haven’t been able to find, but even if she did find research appearing to support her claims, we should be skeptical. Why? Because there is far more to the parent-child relationship than we can capture with research, especially research about crying.
Unlike animals which cry in distress human beings cry for all sorts of reasons. We cry from pain or embarrassment, joy or grief. Babies may cry from hunger or frustration, in pain or simply with exhaustion. We are the only creature that sheds tears and their very composition varies depending on why we weep; tears of grief are chemically different from tears of pain.
Crying binds us together. Our children’s tears clutch at our hearts, stimulate nursing mothers to lactate and sometimes make us weep along with them. No one really knows why we cry but, like the love of music or infectious laughter, it goes right to the heart of what it is to be human. It is biology mediated through human relationships. It’s in that context that we need to see crying it out. It’s an experience that is unique to the people involved and therefore, very difficult to study.
What works for one may not work for all. In any case, the answer to the question “what’s the right thing to do” is a question for individual families, not neuroscientists or parenting experts. – Nancy McDermott
1 National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (2010). Persistent Fear and Anxiety Can Affect Young Children’s Learning and Development: Working Paper No. 9. http://www.developingchild.net
photo:iStockphoto.com/srg22
Go Back To Strollerderby
41 Comments
[...] Penelope Leach may have some good advice but her new book does not have solid advice. In her new book The Essential First Year Leach claims “cry-it-out sleep training” can cause brain damage. Oh Penelope! She made this claim with no backing. Take it away Strollerderby getting the truth straight! http://blogs.babble.com/strollerderby/2010/04/26/dont-believe-the-hype-the-cry-it-out-sleep-method-d... [...]
Helen Moon – The Baby Specialist » This is Shocking!! commented on Aug 18 10 at 2:20 amGtothemfckinP commented on Apr 26 10 at 4:36 pmOK, so now Babble readers can feel good about ignoring their crying infants. Rock on!
Mistress_Scorpio commented on Apr 26 10 at 5:32 pmNah, we just feel good ignoring you, GP.
Voice of Reason commented on Apr 26 10 at 5:41 pmOut of the two articles/philosophies, this is the one that seems like common sense to me.
BlackOrchid commented on Apr 26 10 at 6:23 pmAs a parent of early school-aged children who sleep-trained (Weissbluth), I feel GREAT about how wonderfully my family sleeps, how well my children put themselves to sleep, how well my youngest naps, how healthy they are because they get enough sleep . . . and I want to share with newer parents, the importance of healthy sleep for growing babies and children. And for many babies, being in bed with mommy and daddy is hyper-stimulative, and they AREN’T getting good sleep that way, and they aren’t learning important self-soothing skills.
(Very young babies are a different story, of course. And while we sleep-trained, we never had to “cry it out” – there ARE milder methods.)
Emily commented on Apr 26 10 at 6:41 pmI can’t imagine crying it out before it’s obviously a temper tantrum. As my pediatrician (and a few other people) have told me – babies under 9months (give or take depending on the child) are just not capable faking hunger, fear, discomfort, etc. So a child cries for those reasons.
Is it physically harmful? No. But leaving a BABY to cry for hours (as I have known people to do) is only teaching that baby that no one is going to come help. Which breaks my heart.
Now, ask me again when my two year old doesn’t want to nap…but that’s vastly different than an infant.
Emily commented on Apr 26 10 at 6:42 pmPS – maybe it’s my hormones, but that picture of the baby makes me sad. Someone hug that child!
Voice of Reason commented on Apr 26 10 at 6:44 pmAnd I would like to add that there are a good number of babies (estimated at about 10-15% last time I checked) who do learn to sleep through the night themselves (represented by the number of people who post how confused they are that people ever have to resort to sleep training). CIO and other sleep training methods DO NOT APPLY to these babies.
If you would like to learn more about the importance of sleep for children and its impact on health, ability to learn and its relationship to the surge in childhood obesity, I strongly urge you to read ‘Nurture Shock’ by Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman. It’s a genuine wake-up call (pun intended).
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 26 10 at 7:14 pmI agree w you wholeheartedly, Emily. I am also tired of the link many posters make with NOT sleep training and sleep problems. Many co-sleeping babies and kids are well-rested and healthy. The “Nuture Shock” book seemed more about children and even teens, NOT infants, in my recollection.
Kikiriki commented on Apr 26 10 at 8:05 pmSo if it is harmful to babies to cry for extended periods of time, then what about those babies with COLIC? For that matter, what happens when you have to take your infant on a car trip 400 miles away to see your parents? My firstborn couldn’t stand the carseat, and didn’t give a rip if I was there next to her, she still screamed and screamed. I guess I could have had my husband stop the car and taken her out of her carseat every 15 minutes, but then it would have taken us 2 weeks to get to my in-laws’. Come to think of it… :P
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 26 10 at 11:55 pmI think if you at least make an attempt to be attentive to a baby’s cries, as you would if it was colicky or by comforting the baby in its carseat, that is different from having the baby crying, alone, for its mama in a room all by itself in the name of “sleep training”…man you people will rationalize anything. My kid didn’t like the carseat either. You know what I did? I sang to her, I held her as much as I could touch her, while she was in the seat. I even contorted my body so I could nurse her while she was in the carseat to calm her down.
Voice of Reason commented on Apr 27 10 at 1:06 amOh for Pete’s sake, GP. Is this for real? Is it April Fool’s Day? Are you actually a junior high school student trolling this site?
Yes, GP, nobody else ever touched their baby, or co-slept, or used a midwife, or had natural childbirth, or massaged their baby, or provided loving comfort, or made their own baby food, or sang to their distressed child, or breastfed exclusively… oh, hang on a second, I did all these things.
We are talking about people whose babies are suffering the effects of not getting enough sleep, which CAN and sometimes DOES become a serious problem, both for the babies themselves and for their families (including other children).
This is something that you obviously never suffered through so, in fact, you have no experience in the matter and are therefore ill-equipped to criticize others, to say the least.
For a short time, I thought I might know it all too (although not nearly to the extent that you do) when I had one child and it all went smoothly and he was an easy, lovely baby. I stupidly and ignorantly assumed that this was because we had done everything ‘right’ and was delighted with myself and my husband. DUH. It didn’t take too long to realize that there is not one solution to every problem my babies might have. Thankfully, I finally clued into the fact that there is an infinite number of solutions to problems that babies might be experiencing… because babies (much like their parents) are unique individuals with unique learning styles, unique personalities, etc.
I, at least, have always had the grace to shut the hell up and refrain from criticizing /condemning people who are suffering with a heartbreaking problem of which I have no experience. If you can’t have some sympathy, and if you can’t offer advice without abandoning the most basic of good manners, then I am finally going to concede defeat and join the legions of others who have asked you to stop posting this nonsense.
jenny tries too hard commented on Apr 27 10 at 1:23 amSeriously? You’re saying a baby—a fourth-trimester kid, if you will—can seriously distinguish that a parent that’s “really trying” when he or she is so miserable that he/she is screaming bloody murder for hours while colicky, but will be brain-damaged if left to cry alone and soothe him/herself for 10-30 minutes?
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 27 10 at 6:50 amI’m not criticizing or condemning anyone…I’ve said before in other threads to do what you need to do. The tone I get from many of the pro CIO posters is “no baby is gonna pull that shit on me” and you know it. It seems more like the posts focus on the MOMS not getting enough sleep, now you’re trying to say its all about the babies. Go ahead and bullshit yourself. It doesn’t matter one way or another to me. And, jenny, why is a baby crying for hours but will suddenly go to sleep after just 10-30 minutes when put down in a crib? You guys just go around and around in circles with this stuff coming up with more and more little comments to make yourself feel OK about this. So that’s fine.
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 27 10 at 7:23 amAnd seriously, I don’t have a stake in what other people do…if you want/need to CIO, then fine. But, stop with all the rationalizing, acting like there is no other way, etc. Many times, its really just forcing a baby too young to sleep on a schedule. One of my FB friends was talking about doing it w her 8 month old. I just kept my mouth shut, but that’s too young! I’m not exhibiting any “bad manners” etc. by stating my opinion. If y’all are too sensitive about your choices, then maybe your not as out of touch with your instincts as I think, and that’s them trying to tell you something…that its NOT COOL to let a baby cry.
jenny tries too hard commented on Apr 27 10 at 8:38 amBut…if there is no verifiable harm from sleep training, it’s not rationalizing. It’s looking at one thing that does have clear health effects (long term sleep deprivation) and one thing that does not (sleep training) and determining for each family how much the risk of the harmful thing justifies the need for the unpleasant, but not harmful thing. Rationalizing, in the negative way, is when someone knows something is harmful but using emotion finds excuses to do it anyway.
How could you know who is in touch with their insticts? Many of us feel that our insticts help us tell a “hungry” cry or a “scared” cry from a cry of a baby who just needs a few minutes to get used to the situation.
Roy commented on Apr 27 10 at 9:08 amAll I know is my own prefrontal lobe has turned into lumpy mashed potatoes from the night wake-ups over this past year. For every new skill my baby masters, I lose one of mine. Executive function? Long gone. I thingk my pincer grip could be next.
Mistress_Scorpio commented on Apr 27 10 at 9:26 amStep 1: Berate with outrageous hyperbolic statement: “You all LOVE making babies cry!”
Step 2: Offer examples of superior motherhood: “If you would just do what I did, everything would be okay!”
Step 3: Say you aren’t being judgmental: “I’m not criticizing…”
Step 4: Follow up with criticism: “… but you all suck.”
Step 5: Say you don’t care: “I don’t care what you do!”
Step 6: Declare your rights: “I have a right to an opinion…”
Step 7: Follow with a criticism: “… and it is my opinion you suck!”
Rinse/repeat on another thread.
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 27 10 at 9:48 amStep 1: Complain about how hard being a parent is.
Step 2: Whine more and find solace in the fact that others are wimpy losers, too, who take the easy way out.
Step 3: Complain about other people who find ways to do things successfully, maybe just by working a little bit harder and not being whiny sacks of shit.
Step 4: Be jealous of them and garner more support from other weak-asses with funny jokes at the expense of your children.
Step 5: Pretend you are accepting of everyone and so very cool and open minded.
Step 6: Continue breeding more stupid, lazy progeny and make sure you have more than one, since you’re so good at raising them.
jenny tries too hard commented on Apr 27 10 at 9:51 amErgh…I’m saying that if a sleep-training baby is brain-damaged from 10-30 minutes of crying, then a colicky or car-seated baby is going to be brain-damaged from hours of crying. No study has shown that either sleep-training or colic causes brain damage, but the studies that people use to rail against cio show CRYING for long periods to be the cause of the stress hormone flood, so, those studies would have to conceded that colicky or car-seated babies are suffering brain damage, too. Not saying that a colicky baby is ready to be sleep-trained or anything of the sort.
jenny tries too hard commented on Apr 27 10 at 9:55 amconceded = concede
jenny tries too hard commented on Apr 27 10 at 10:00 amOh, for fuck’s sake, GP. Why do you even post anymore if you’ve already decided that the rest of us are stupid, lazy breeders who are all just jealous of you?
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 27 10 at 10:06 am1. there are different kinds of crying. not all crying is equal
2. I would have for some new moms or mothers-to-be to read some of this crap and think they have to be lazy, heartless, stupid and ill-informed parents because “that’s what everyone does”…that’s NOT what everyone does…many of my friends have very different parenting philosophies and practices than those expressed by the majority of Babble posters
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 27 10 at 10:07 amI would *hate* for new moms…correction
Ok…I’m done. Really.
BlackOrchid commented on Apr 27 10 at 10:12 amIt always makes me laugh when APers claim those who are not diehard APers are “taking the easy way out.”
When in fact the opposite is true.
jenny tries too hard commented on Apr 27 10 at 10:16 am1. You’re right. There are different kinds of crying. The cry that babies have when they’re a little unused to their cribs or carseats and would prefer to be held is different from the constant cry of a dirty, hungry, neglected baby left alone for hours. The neglected cry is damaging, the I-would-like-to-be-held-now cry isn’t. If it goes on very long, then the parent has it wrong, and it’s not just a hold-me cry.
2. Do you think rational people will be swayed from doing “what everyone does” (which is usually not the motivation to take on a parenting practice, from what I’ve seen, anyway) because a stranger on the internet (who sounds a wee bit sleep-deprived) proclaims that people who don’t do it her way are stupid and lazy and “weak-asses”?
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 27 10 at 11:43 amI just have to say I don’t see how gently putting your child to sleep at 7 or 8 pm or whatever would interfere with a *parent’s* sleep and leave them sleep-deprived. And how is letting a child cry and figure out how to fall asleep themselves teaching them anything? Doesn’t it make more sense to lay down with them, give them some slow, deep breathing to vibe to and mimic and really mirror to them how one relaxes and falls asleep? And, if the kid wakes up in the middle of the night crying, how is letting them cry and wake up the whole house helping anyone get any sleep? Wouldn’t it make more sense to just go to them, very quietly, without a lot of fanfare and help them get back to sleep? The whole CIO/sleep training thing just doesn’t add up to me. Babies understand body language and senses not really the meaning of words. When they cry and there is no warm body to hold or comfort them, that means something to them and it is not good. I think when a child starts to understand the meaning of words you might be able to start teaching them to sleep on their own by explaining to them that it is now time for them to sleep, mommy is going to be just outside reading or whatever, but it is now time for little children to sleep. And, those who say that the baby is fed, dry, warm, etc. and has all its needs met so it is just crying to cry, mistakenly assume that being held and cuddled is not a legitimate need for a baby. It *is*. Why waste the 30 minutes of time you could be cuddling and nurturing a trusting relationship with you child by letting them scream their head off. It just doesn’t make sense to me.
jenny tries too hard commented on Apr 27 10 at 11:53 am*sigh* I did put my babies to bed gently, with a consistent, calming routine at 7 pm. Of course that doesn’t disrupt sleep. It’s the stuff that can happen (doesn’t always) when you signal to your child that if they don’t want to sleep in their bed, they don’t have to, that disrupts sleep. With cio crying at bedtime and in the middle of the night was over with (for the most part, until night terrors showed up) within a week. You trade one difficult week for a year or more of disrupted sleep.
Roy commented on Apr 27 10 at 11:59 amLets all trade babies for a week. Then we can compare notes on what works and what doesn’t. I’ll take one that I see on the daycare whiteboard wakes at 8 every morning after 11 hours of sleep and takes two or three long naps each day. The one who never cries and would probably let you carry her around by her ankles without a whimper.
My baby’s great. I wouldn’t really trade him for the world. But his sleep issues would reduce even Mary Poppins’ to a quivering husk.
Penn Girl commented on Apr 27 10 at 12:42 pmI think a lot of APers’ shock and disgust of sleep training methods stems from the fact that they have absolutely no idea how sleep training is accomplished. They seem to think that parents throw the baby in her crib and lock the nursery door from 8pm until 8am and then go party and sleep to their heart’s content. The truth is that there are many different forms of sleep training, and, for each of these forms, the methods vary depending on a child’s age. For a very young infant that still needs to eat during the night, sleep training consists of trying to feed around the same time, using a consistent patern (feed, burp, change, feed other side, burp, back in the crib), not prolonging these night-time interludes, and listening to baby’s cries to determine their cause. Babies, even pretty young babies, will cry because they are bored or tired, and if parents can distinguish these cries from the hungry-, dirty-, gassy-cries and only respond to the latter, then I can’t see how sleep-training harms baby in the slightest.
We started sleep-training DS at a very young age (maybe six weeks), once his night-time feeding patterns were relatively consistent, and he never cried more than a half hour.
It is just a ridiculous leap in logic to say that one or two nights of less than an hour of crying causes chronic stress in the same way that abuse, neglect or exposure to violence would. In fact, it seems utterly irresponsible and patronizing for a doctor to make these statements and not back it up legitimate studies (focused on sleep-training, not on abuse).
LindaLou commented on Apr 27 10 at 1:05 pmThe thought of a six week olf crying alone for a freakin’ HALF AN HOUR makes ME want to cry. I’ll never understand how people can do/condone this. It’s just so mean and not attentive parenting in any way. There are so many gentle ways to get babies to sleep.
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 27 10 at 1:18 pmyeah…I am supposed to listen to someone who tries to sleep train a 6-week-old? that’s insanity…that baby needs to be held/cuddled pretty much all the time
Fred and Ginger commented on Apr 27 10 at 1:35 pm“I’ll never understand how people can do/condone this.”
Kindly find something to read about that you can understand, then. Good people are sincerely looking for useful information and insights here and you obviously can offer neither.
Manjari commented on Apr 27 10 at 3:31 pmI don’t know ANY doctor or other expert, or even many parents who would agree with allowing a six week old baby cry for 30 minutes. That is just wrong.
Children sleep commented on Apr 27 10 at 9:07 pmDo not rush the child to sleep urge to calm. Parents, restless mood of the child will also be affected. Cannot let the children have parents want to get rid of his feelings. Otherwise the child will cry, do not want to go to bed.
Amused Observer commented on Apr 28 10 at 12:25 amIs it really the same GtothemfckinP who is “not exhibiting any bad manners” and “is not criticizing anyone” who then goes on to call *other people’s babies* “stupid, lazy progeny”?
Such charm! Such class! I’d hate to see what she has to say when she’s being rude.
Seriously, where the hell are these people raised?
LindaLou commented on Apr 28 10 at 1:23 amI can offer plenty of insights, I simply won’t lie and tell you it’s okay to neglect a 6 week old baby. If you can’t handle that simple truth, then you leave. You don’t own the freakin’ comment section on Babble (although I have no doubt that spend all yuor time here.)
LindaLou commented on Apr 28 10 at 1:24 am*your
GtothemfckinP commented on Apr 28 10 at 7:28 amchronology, Amused Observer…check it
koalakat commented on Apr 28 10 at 9:44 amThank you for this article. As a former neuropsychologist, I cringed when the media started reporting that cry-it-out would damage babies brains, because I had actually looked at the research when trying to decide whether to sleep train my baby. Even though cry-it-out was ultimately not the right choice for our family, I hate the idea that the parents who made a different choice are feeling guilty because some authority figure is spewing baloney talk with no scientific basis.
kindyk commented on Aug 10 11 at 3:46 pmWow. I’m completely new here. I don’t know why I read the comment section, even. I don’t usually post on these things. But I have to say that this:
“Step 1: Complain about how hard being a parent is.
Step 2: Whine more and find solace in the fact that others are wimpy losers, too, who take the easy way out.
Step 3: Complain about other people who find ways to do things successfully, maybe just by working a little bit harder and not being whiny sacks of shit.
Step 4: Be jealous of them and garner more support from other weak-asses with funny jokes at the expense of your children.
Step 5: Pretend you are accepting of everyone and so very cool and open minded.
Step 6: Continue breeding more stupid, lazy progeny and make sure you have more than one, since you’re so good at raising them.”…has to be one of the most arrogant, nasty, rude, and downright hateful comments I have ever read on the internet. Bravo!
Add your take:
Note: Babble is a supportive, diverse community. We encourage a range of opinions,
but any unduly hostile comments will be removed.
Comments are delayed up to 15 minutes






Joslyn Gray
Amber Doty
Julianna Miner
Monica Bielanko
Sierra Black
Meredith Carroll
Carolyn Castiglia
Sunny Chanel
Madeline Holler
Wendy Michaels
Rebecca Odes
Danielle Smith
Danielle Sullivan
Katherine Stone
The Walt Disney Company supports Babble as a platform dedicated to honest, engaged, informed, intelligent and open conversation about parenting. However, the opinions expressed on this site are those of individual parents/writers and do not reflect the views of Disney. In addition, content provided on this site is for entertainment or informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or safety advice.

41