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When a Timeout Means ‘I Love You … Sometimes’
Earlier this week we talked about some less than desirable outcomes of spanking (aggression, diminished cognitive capabilities). Today, let’s deal with the less than desirable outcomes of more popular and accepted discipline techniques: the vaunted timeout and the oft-uttered “good job.”
Both, it turns out, communicates to the child that they are loved conditionally. Which, you know, messes with a kid’s mind while providing fodder for therapy years down the road.
For the NY Times Mind column, child behavior expert and author Alfie Kohn wrote recently that today’s way of teaching our children often winds up sending the message that our love for them is dependent on their behavior: turn up the affection when they’re good, withhold affection when they’re not.
In other words, to them, it appears that we love them conditionally. The primary message of all types of conditional parenting is that children must earn a parent’s love, he argues. Spanking is a form of control, he says, but so is praise, which teaches kids that they are loved and lovable only when they do things that we parents have deemed “a good job.”
Oh, BS, right? Where’s the proof? How about some studies, which show that, yes, praise does influence a child’s behavior — and in mostly the way the parents hope for it to. However, it comes at a price.
In questioning college students, researchers found that those who said they received conditional acceptance — that is, praise or punishment based on how well the did in school, how hard they practiced in sports, whether they were considerate to others, and whether they suppressed anger and fear — resented and disliked their parents.
Moreover, these students’ behaviors had more to do with “strong internal pressure” and not their true desires. Also, any happiness derived from success was typically short-lived and often made them feel ashamed or guilty.
Ew. All that from having been told “good job”? Yes!
To underscore these results, the same researchers replicated the study, this time with 9th-graders. Instead of looking at differences in positive and negative parenting, they focused on the “good job” type of positive parenting, but teased apart the effects of giving more approval when the kid did what the parent wanted her to but giving less or no approval she she did not.
The praise for good stuff indeed got students to work harder, but gave them feelings of “internal compulsion.” (Not sure what that means but it sounds bad, right?) The withdrawal of praise just made the students feel negative toward their parents.
The takeaway? What these and other studies tell us, if we’re able to hear the news, is that praising children for doing something right isn’t a meaningful alternative to pulling back or punishing when they do something wrong. Both are examples of conditional parenting, and both are counterproductive, Kohn writes.
The thing about Kohn and the researcher’s findings is that, well, that’s how most of us were conditioned so these are deeply ingrained behaviors, based on the best of intentions. And not just of parents, but also teachers and eventually bosses. Spanked or not given raises when we’re “bad.” Patted on the head, awarded a gold star or told “good job” when we’re “good.”
Honestly? It’s hard to come up with alternatives? I’ve read Kohn’s Unconditional Parenting. I even send my kids’ to a school where there are no punishments and no rewards (just lots and lots and loooooots of talking) and I’m completely on board. But at home? Day-to-day? I wind up being pretty inconsistent — sometimes a timeout is the only thing between you and truly regrettable parenting. Surely a little “internal compulsion” is better than that?
What do you think of Kohn? Do you wish you knew more? Or do you wish he’d butt out? Also, one thing I’ve always wondered him is, well, his kids’ mom. Like, is she all “good job” and promising M&M’s when he’s away at a conference?
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[...] When a Timeout Means ‘I Love You … Sometimes’ [...]
Where Do Parents Fit In the Childhood Obesity Puzzle? | Strollerderby commented on Sep 18 09 at 5:02 pm[...] Kohn thinks you shouldn’t punish your kids. He also thinks you shouldn’t reward them. By doing so, you’re teaching them that you [...]
The No-Timeouts Guy Explains How to Raise Your Kid | Strollerderby commented on Sep 28 09 at 1:25 pmjeannesager commented on Sep 18 09 at 4:36 pmAs you said – sometimes the timeout keeps you from regrettable parenting. I’m human, I get mad at my daughter sometimes. But I also don’t believe in taking my anger out ON my daughter. Which means sometimes separating her from me is the only option.
But I have to believe there’s a difference between withholding affection temporarily and actually withholding love.
Knitty commented on Sep 18 09 at 5:10 pmRidiculous. Like it or not, our entire society is based on rules, consequences, rewards, and — yes indeed — punishments. How on earth are children who have been raised without introduction to these concepts going to function once they leave home? How are they going to manage the reward/punishment systems in place at school, work, and even daily social interactions? Kohn might consider a time-out something close to abuse, but I say that raising children who aren’t prepared to function in the real world is much, much worse.
Of COURSE there’s a difference between withholding affection temporarily and actually withholding love. It’s our job as parents to communicate that we love our children unconditionally, but aren’t going to allow them to run wild. Effective discipline is *work* and often not easy, but that’s the job of parenting.
jenny tries too hard commented on Sep 18 09 at 5:13 pmI don’t get Kohn’s philosophy at all. I want my child to have an internal compulsion to do the responsible thing when he grows up. Isn’t that the point? We are raising our children to be members of a society that has inherent rewards and punsihments, right? I will continue to tell my children they are loved unconditionally, but rewarded conditionally.
FutureDr commented on Sep 18 09 at 6:14 pmKohn’s ideas make no sense if you are in the real world with kids. Kohn believes that you shouldn’t ever say to your child that you like something they do? If your child comes over to you with a drawing they did in school today, should you look at it with indifference and say “you drew a brown tree”? It sounds to me like Kohn is on some pretty heavy meds that drown out all emotion and that he wants to ban emotion from the world entirely. How horrible it would be to be his child! Never seeing your Dad’s eyes light up as he says “WOW! That’s awesome!” Yes, negatives are bad and positives are good. We shouldn’t get rid of both in order to create a fantasy world for our children that doesn’t really exist outside our doors. Kids need excitement in their lives. They need parents who get excited about the popsicle stick ornaments they make. If this means that they have parents with real emotion, parents who sometimes get mad, than I say that’s good for them. We can’t see what’s good in the world without having the bad to compare to.
GP commented on Sep 18 09 at 6:47 pmi tend to agree with FutureDr…while I find some of Kohn’s ideas interesting, in theory, and I don’t do time-outs (because I think they’re dumb), I am a high-emotion person…I get mad…I get very loving…my daughter always knows I love her even when I am mad…kids need to know that people can get mad and still love them…personally, I find dispassionate people trying
GP commented on Sep 18 09 at 6:56 pmWhat *is* very valuable about Kohn’s theories is how he puts emphasis on the long-term parenting goals of raising a thoughtful, caring citizen rather than a person who is only motivated by reward. It’s a very tough ideal to live up to and I think people can benefit from trying elements of his ideas, or at least reading him, while holding on to their own personalities. For example, I am effusive and I make a big deal out of all kinds of cool stuff, so if my kid does something good or cool, I can’t help cheer. Kohn emphasizes also that children are not just inferior or underdeveloped adults, but beings in their own rite who have views and perspectives on their world that are valuable and should be taken into consideration and honored whenever possible. We, as adults, should not just assert our authority all the time to “teach a lesson” or “because we can”…
Ali commented on Sep 18 09 at 11:37 pmOh so then we should not punish or reward our kids. Okay, I will just do what some parents do, hire a nanny to raise them so I give no input and the nanny cannot punish or reward at all. Hey, better yet, let’s just use robots to raise our kids. Heaven to betsy should a person feel a negative emotion in their lifetime because of their parents. This idiot seems to forget that in order for children to severe their ties with their parents they often feel at odds with them. This feeling gets them out on their own, finding their own way. Otherwise we would all be living with dear old mom for our whole lives. Is there anyone reading this who agrees with everything their parents said and did?
Mo commented on Sep 19 09 at 12:04 amHoly Moly! Sounds like this guy has too much time on his hands. Seriously, my husband and I both feel we were raised right by our parents — rewards for good behavior, occasional spankings, time-outs and sometimes even yelling. Call me crazy, but we both love and respect our parents today. We don’t spank here, but we do praise and reward good behavior. Bad behavior doesn’t get rewarded, but perhaps gets an explanation or maybe a lesson on why that behavior isn’t going to cut it. There’s a lot of work to this parenting thing, but there’s also a lot of work just to put food on the table. If you respect your children and try your darndest to make sure they know what needs to be done to become a good citizen, I think you’re doing your job. Maybe if we taught our kids to stop focusing so much on themselves and what they’re feeling in the moment, and instead use that energy to help someone else, the world would be a better place.
bettywu commented on Sep 19 09 at 12:17 amHave you all ever been around the children of parents who are big Alfie nuts? Watch out. They’re often bullies. At least the way it’s interpreted around here (through “nonviolent parenting” where time-outs absolutely count as “violent”), these kids get no boundaries and exhibit little to no self-control. When they get to elementary school or whenever they first encounter a world with consequences for their actions, they…don’t do well.
I’m not saying “there are evil people in the world, you’d better be evil too!” or that our job is to toughen our kids up so they can be ruthless little achievers – I just believe (and this has been proven by research over and over again, research that is not cherry-picked to prove a foregone conclusion, Dr. Kohn) that children thrive when there are consistent expectations expressed in a loving manner. There has to be a solid foundation to push off from.
My opinions on parenting tend to be a ‘what-ever works for you’ sort of thing except when it comes to hitting your kids, not vaccinating your kids and not providing any boundaries. I think two of these do a grave disservice to your children and one of them does a grave disservice to mine.
Blacksheep commented on Sep 19 09 at 2:18 amI agree with bettywu-I have a friend who does the unconditional parenting thing with her two year old, and that kid is ALWAYS hitting my boys on playdates, and generally acting like a wild hellion who has no rules. I don’t even want to do playdates with them anymore. You can provide unconditional positive regard for your children and set limits for them, the two are not mutually exclusive.
Mwa commented on Sep 19 09 at 4:12 amI’m trying to work out if he’s onto a brilliant insight, or if he just doesn’t get the practicalities of parenting. I agree with showing unconditional love, but no praise or punishment seems like a tough (impossible?) way to raise children. I wrote up my thoughts in more detail at
http://mwaonline.blogspot.com/2009/09/whats-love-got-to-do-with-it.html
GP commented on Sep 19 09 at 8:13 amYeah, I am kind of in line w you Mwa…and I like your blog, too
Knitty commented on Sep 19 09 at 9:44 amWell put, BettyWu.
I offer my services to retitle this: ‘When not bothering to discipline means I’m too lazy to parent.’
The very LAST thing our society needs is the next generation believing that nothing matters except their own feelings. Fortunately, most of us parents are too smart to buy into this nonsense.
Diane commented on Sep 19 09 at 9:46 amI took a parenting class in which the teacher differentiated between the use of time outs as punishment (not advised with children under 4 or 5- teaches conditional love) and as a way to immediately teach a child a better way to handle a situation (advised with children 2-3). If a child is throwing cars at the play table you say, “Sally, we don’t throw cars at the table.” She throws the car again. You remove her from the table and tell her “If you can’t play at the table without throwing cars you need to play somewhere else.” So you give a timeout from the problem activity/toy/situation. Then you give the child another chance to get it right. “Would you like to rejoin the group at the table and try again?” So the timeout isn’t from the group or from the parent, which is where this teacher saw a problem. Punishing a young child by putting her in timeout teaches shame, conditional love, etc. But it doesn’t teach them how to better handle the situation, which should really be the ultimate goal. I really liked her perspective.
GP commented on Sep 19 09 at 10:42 amGreat comment, Diane…and that kind of reframes “time outs”
While I don’t espouse Kohn to the letter, I must say some of the commenters here clearly don’t understand his theory/philosophy and have not read his book. One of the goals is to raise kids who care about others’ FEELINGS (not just their own) rather than yes-men who follow rules only b/c of consequences. Ideally, his theories says, these kids will operate in a peacefully and productive way because of an inherent humanity and morality rather than fear of punishment or to earn something…
I think its pretty theoretical and less practical, but the theory is worth understanding and at least operating with some notion that the child is a human not a rat in a maze or a pavlov dog.
GP commented on Sep 19 09 at 10:51 amSorry about all my comments, but I have alot of thoughts on this…
One this is for sure, Kohn’s style is NOT lazy parenting. In many ways, it’s much more demanding than the positive/negative reinforcement style…
ann05 commented on Sep 19 09 at 8:01 pmI agree with GP. Taking the time to explain the reason you want a kid to do something (and having a reason), keeping your patience, and coming up with more creative solutions than thwacking them is the OPPOSITE of lazy parenting. It may not be for you, but it sure as hell isn’t easier.
bettywu commented on Sep 20 09 at 12:11 amNobody reasonable is advocating “twacking” them. Or not explaining why they shouldn’t do something. Or trying to keep patient. None of that is what Kohn advocates. He’s saying don’t ever tell them that their behavior is unacceptable.
After rereading the article I think it boils down to this. Kohn is equating unconditional acceptance of behavior with unconditional love. And equating constant affection with constant love. I accept my children for who they are all the time and love them no matter what and I tell them that on a regular basis. But I don’t let them treat themselves or others with disrespect and act like it’s okay.I DON’T believe that a respect for others is inborn. I think it has to be taught. Lovingly taught, patiently taught (as much as humanly possible) yes. But Taught.
bettywu commented on Sep 20 09 at 12:12 amsorry for all the typos.
DH commented on Sep 20 09 at 9:51 amThe New York Time article confuses ‘unconditional love’ with ‘unconditional license.’ Really, parents who love their children unconditionally are the only parents who try to inculcate moral values into them through proper discipline. The internal sense of ‘restraint’ felt by the college students interviewed in the study cited is what has historically been called ‘conscience.’ It is because do love their children unconditionally that they guide their formation with both positive and negative reinforcement, so that their child doesn’t become a ‘savage’ always intent on doing their own will, regardless of whom it may harm. The article was also misleading. It implied that children who have moral values instilled in them by their parents need psychological counseling later in life, but it provided no actual cases where that took place.
jenny tries too hard commented on Sep 20 09 at 5:58 pmI think that this boils down to the very basics, whether one believes that a human is basically good, or that humans are inherently flawed/fallen. The belief in the fallen state of man is a tenet of every major religion. Wonder if atheists/agnostics are more likely to follow Kohn’s advice than people who follow a religion?
Eric commented on Sep 21 09 at 12:50 amI agree there seems to be a confusion of unconditional love and unconditional license. In the real world (the one you’re preparing kids to live in), there are positive results and negative consequences that are porportionate to your actions. I would say that anyone who isn’t imparting an understanding of this is doing their child a diservice. I think real love requires discipline. If you want the best for your child you should be helping understand this dynamic. Jenny, I too wonder if there is a difference between religious/non-religious people on this. It seems to me though, that an understanding a of consequences (positive and negative) would be neccessary even in an athiestic world view.
Thoughtful Parenting commented on Sep 21 09 at 11:47 amKohn is not saying that you should withhold praise — or emotion — from your children. All he’s saying is that you should be mindful of whether you’re offering it as a “carrot” (i.e. manipulation) in order to get a certain result from your child. While the “carrot” approach to praise may be effective in the short run (maybe), it can be harmful in the long run. (See Carol Dweck’s work and Po Bronson’s related article in New York Magazine about how not to praise your children.)
In my opinion, a spontaneous and genuine expression of gratitude or praise (“Wow, thanks. That really helped me!”) is different than the constant patter of approval that so many parents dole out as incentive (“carrots”) to get their kids to do certain things. In the end, the carrot approach misses the opportunity to teach kids to think and make good decisions for themselves, on ethical and moral matters large and small.
Leila commented on Sep 21 09 at 12:52 pmI was punished by my parents when I misbehaved and yet I never resented them and thought they were excellent parents. As an adult I can also forgive them for their mistakes and many times attribute them to a more conservative upbringing – that generational difference. I felt very much loved, thank you very much, and I’m sure my son feels loved by me unconditionally even though I give him time outs or withdraw privileges when he goes way out of line. I always tell him, “Mommy loves you no matter what, but you cannot do (…)” I make sure he understand I’m just punishing the act and not him as whole person.
karmamama commented on Sep 21 09 at 2:57 pmTotally absurd. What? I shouldn’t be negative to my kid, lest that quash his self-esteem, and now I shouldn’t be positive, either, because it makes him feel pressure to be a good kid? It’s called learning to live in society.
bettywu commented on Sep 21 09 at 3:34 pmkarmamama – It’s a whole new trend, “Impassive Parenting!” Soon we will be trying to one up each other on the playground for who can keep the blankest expression.
GP commented on Sep 21 09 at 4:18 pmsigh…nobody “gets” it…how many of you have actually READ “Unconditional Parenting”? I don’t expect full agreement, but the comments here just really show no grasp of the concept…
chattydaddy commented on Sep 22 09 at 9:37 amI am going to get the book and learn more … my wife and I certainly believe that it’s critical that our kids feel loved no matter what they do — it’s not clear to me you can’t communicate clear expectations for behavior, and added praise when they do good, and STILL communicate that we love you not matter what. That’s what my parents did, and i think they did a darned good job.
I also think that the cold hard truth is that the world rewards people unequally. When your parents are dead and gone you will be living in a world of your own making, and it could be cold and lonely, or sunny and full of love. Being a productive member of society highly motivated to improve the world is likely to result in getting more “love” back from the world, just as doing good as a kid results in more affirmation from parents. In other words, this is an accurate model for what life is like, and in that way it’s helpful. Would kids prefer to get equal affirmation no matter what they do? Maybe. But is the objective to be the most popular parent, or set your kids up for longterm happiness?
MB commented on Sep 23 09 at 10:41 pmComments
GP I am in total agreement with you. I do not blame parents for choosing behavior modification route to disciplining their children, but I am saddened that it is the most popular and accepted method. There are VERY effective tools to parenting even the youngest of children that do not require time-outs and praise….but, it’s just that most don’t know about it and therefore, choose the way either they were taught as childrent themselves, or by TV shows like the Nanny, or “1-2-3 Magic” etc. The awareness isn’t there and the knowledge of an alternate way to parent isn’t there to replace it. I encourage parents to read any of Jane Nelsen’s “Positive Discipline” books or see if there are any “STEPS” parenting classes where you live. Both have provided me and my husband a discipline style that fits with our values, and teaches with respect for all…it’s kind and firm (NOT permissive) and teaches about choices and consequences, which is real life. I can understand why parents praise, it’s whay they know and if they knew and were open to knowing that it leads to motivation for approval from others or for rewards, versus SELF-motivation and feeling proud of oneself…one of the greatest things I hear from my three year-old is “I did it all by myself!”, not looking for me to say “good job” or “I’m so proud of you.” I don’t want my daughter to care more about what I think than what she thinks…that’s the developemnt of high self-esteem. It’s how she feels that matters most and I would hate to think that she would do something ONLY to please me or get something in return.
Just to sum up, I think that we look at children from a behavioral standpoint way too much without the understanding or compassion for them as people with feelings, wants, needs, etc. There ARE respectful ways to invite cooperation and to encourage (flip side of Praise),and the Positive Discipline books show you how.
think again commented on Sep 24 09 at 11:13 pmFunny to see the comments from people who obviously haven’t read the book. I just finished the first eight chapters of Unconditional Parenting, and although sometimes tough to swallow, Kohn makes a strong argument about reframing how we think about relating to kids. It has nothing to do with being a lazy, unemotional parent, and has everything to do with refocusing on having a relationship with your child. Which any behavioral discipline will not encourage, because they were developed to alter behavior in animals before being adapted and applied to people. At first, I admit that the book seemed unrealistic and disconnected from the reality of parenting in real life. However, just letting some of the ideas stew, it has helped me to interrupt some of the more reactive comments I make when my child is ‘misbehaving’ and think more critically about what she needs from me, and how I should respond. I haven’t even gotten to the ‘suggestions’ part of the book, but it has already provided me with a platform for diffusing several stressful situations at home (i.e. sibling squabbles, ugh!). It’s hard to hear that your parenting, when done with love and best intentions may have negative consequences, but that doesn’t mean that the underlying theory is inaccurate (and I say this having a child development and psychology background).
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